![]() ![]() Countries in Africa, that have had the longest history of pine introductions, displayed the greatest diversity in the pathogen population, indicating multiple introductions. Three introductory lineages in the Southern Hemisphere were observed. septosporum reflected the anthropogenic history of the introduction and establishment of plantation forestry, particularly with Pinus radiata. In the Southern Hemisphere, the population structure and diversity of D. Populations in North America (USA) and Asia (Bhutan) were genetically distinct but migration between these continents and Europe was evident. Most of the populations from Europe showed evidence for random mating, little population differentiation and gene flow between countries. Populations of the pathogen in the Northern Hemisphere, where pines are native, displayed high genetic diversities and included both mating types. septosporum from 14 countries on six continents using microsatellite markers. In this study we determined the global population diversity and structure of 458 isolates of D. Although the biology and ecology of the pathogen has been well documented, there is a distinct lack of knowledge regarding its movement or genetic diversity in many of the countries where it is found. ![]() During the course of the last two decades, the pathogen has also incited unexpected epidemics on native and non-native pine hosts in the Northern Hemisphere. Dothistroma septosporum is a haploid fungal pathogen that causes a serious needle blight disease of pines, particularly as an invasive alien species on Pinus radiata in the Southern Hemisphere. ![]()
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